<p>Over the past few decades and throughout the world numerous government-initiated experiments and attempts at directly engaging and including citizens have emerged as remedies for a variety of problems faced by modern democracies including political disaffection and insufficient capacity to deal with the complexity inherent in many contemporary public problems such as climate change and segregation. </p><p>In practice these attempts are given many names such as citizen panels deliberative fora collaborative dialogues etc. In the academic literature as well the phenomenon falls under many different headings for instance collaborative deliberative or interactive governance. </p><p>Participatory Governance and Representative Democracy refers to this empirical phenomenon as <i>local participatory governance</i> that is government-sponsored direct participation between invited citizens and local officials in concrete arrangements and concerning problems that affect them. Participatory governance we argue may take many forms regarding (1) type of interaction and type of communication between participants within the specific participatory arrangement (e.g. deliberative vs. aggregative) as well as regarding (2) the relation and connection between the specific arrangement and the more traditional representative structures (e.g. compatible incompatible transformative or irrelevant).</p><p>The proposed edited volume addresses the matter of institutionalization highlighting the difficulties associated with establishing stability and a shared understanding of the roles and rules among citizens local politicians and administrators in participatory arrangements. </p>
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