Executive Governance

This study explores the difficulties of translating presidential policy initiatives into ground-level policy implementation by the permanent government. Drawing on organization theory, it focuses on the ways that bureaucratic behaviours shape an agency's responsiveness to directives. <p>List of Tables and Figure vii<br>List of Titles and Acronyms ix<br>Foreword by Kenneth J. Meier xi<br>Preface and Acknowledgments xiii<br>Chapter<br>I. Introduction 3<br>2. Changing Direction 19<br>3. Legalism and Authority 47<br>4. Programmatic Context 66<br>5. Political Direction 82<br>6. Processes of Policy Change: Institutionalization 101<br>7. Processes of Policy Change: Defmition 115<br>8. Directing Federal Bureaus 140<br>Appendix A The Generic Bureau-Chain of Command 163<br>Appendix B Research Methods 164<br>Appendix C Bureaus in Continuous Existence from January 1977 to<br>January 1981 172 <br>vi Executive Governance<br>Appendix D The Carter Administration's Preferences for Transit<br>Notes<br>General Bibliography<br>Transportation Bibliography<br>Index</p>